Satellite Constellation Technology Management: Challenges and Emerging Trends

Satellite constellations are groups of artificial satellites that work together as a system, providing continuous global or near-global operational coverage. This coverage, coupled with the constellations’ reliability and low latency, make these satellites attractive for commercial applications. Companies like SpaceX and OneWeb have deployed constellations to support global high-speed internet access. GPS systems use constellations to provide accurate positioning and navigation. Other constellations have been deployed for Earth observation, disaster and resource management, and communications. The enthusiasm for building and launching commercial satellite constellations remains high, driven by technological advancements, cost reductions, and better access to funding – even when the reality does not meet expectations. With nearly 30 percent of constellations launched satellites over the past year, compared to only about 15 percent in the first half of 2021, this growth indicates a positive shift in the mindset behind, and capabilities of, these systems.

Challenges and Setbacks of Satellite Constellation Technology

The journey to achieving milestones with satellite constellations has not been without challenges – the primary of which has been securing the necessary funding to build and launch these systems. While private investment in the space sector remains strong, it has become less prevalent, and some companies struggle to secure the necessary funding to complete their projects.

Another significant challenge is the increasing complexity of satellite constellations. Managing these constellations requires sophisticated technology and robust operational strategies. Additionally, the risk of space debris poses a threat to both existing and new satellites. The growing number of satellites in orbit increases the likelihood of collisions, which can result in costly damage and disruptions.

While they are becoming less common, launch failures still occur and can have significant financial and operational impacts. For instance, the loss of a single satellite can delay the deployment of an entire constellation, affecting service delivery and revenue generation.

Moreover, the environmental impact of satellite launches is a growing concern. Rocket launches and satellite reentries produce emissions that can affect the upper atmosphere and contribute to climate change. Efforts are being made to develop more sustainable launch technologies, but these solutions are still in the early stages of implementation.

Recent Developments in Satellite Constellation Launches

Despite these challenges, there have been several exciting developments in satellite launches. As the number of satellites deployed annually has increased greatly, launch costs have dropped nearly 10-fold over the last 20 years. Similarly, companies are investing in reusable rockets, which can significantly reduce the cost of this process. SpaceX’s Falcon 9, for example, has demonstrated the viability of reusability by making multiple successful launches and landings.

Additionally, advancements in small satellite technology are enabling more frequent and cost-effective launches. Small satellites, or CubeSats, are becoming more popular due to their lower cost and shorter development timelines. These satellites can be launched in clusters, allowing operators to deploy entire constellations more efficiently.

The use of electric propulsion systems has also shown promise. These systems offer higher efficiency and longer operational lifespans compared to traditional chemical propulsion. They are particularly beneficial for maintaining the position of satellites in orbit, reducing the need for frequent adjustments and extending the satellite’s operational life.

The commercial satellite constellation industry is at a pivotal point. While challenges remain, the increase in successful satellite launches and advancements in launch technologies are encouraging indications of a developing, if not maturing, market. As companies continue to innovate and overcome these obstacles, the future of commercial satellite constellations, and the workforce behind them, is destined to grow.

Exploring the Skies with Capitol Tech

Capitol Technology University offers programs in Astronautical and Space Engineering, coupled with access to our state-of-the-art operations labs and observatory, that prepare you to lead the future of space exploration. 

To learn more, contact our Admissions team or request more information.